Scottish Raptor Groups

This extremely intelligent and sociable passerine, steeped in mythology and legend, has been adopted by the SRSGs as an 'honorary' raptor. In the early 19 th century the Raven was common and widespread throughout much of Scotland but as a result of persecution by gamekeepers and farmers throughout much of the 19 th century and some of the 20 th century, it became confined mainly to western and south-western Scotland and the islands. Currently the Raven population is considered to be increasing both in range and in breeding numbers in the uplands although it is still uncommon as a breeding species in parts of eastern Scotland where persecution may be suppressing the population. After decades of absence, it is gradually reoccupying some former lowland home ranges close to farmland and populated areas. No national survey has been undertaken to determine the number of breeding pairs although there are considered to be well in excess of 1,400 pairs in Scotland.

Ravens build deep wool-lined nests on high cliffs, crags, ravines, and trees as well as occasionally on man made structures such as dams, derelict buildings and pylons. They generally lay 4 to 6 eggs in February-March with the eggs hatching to coincide with a period when there is a good supply of food available for the young. Most young fledge from late April to mid May remaining with the adults for several months.

Young birds and non territorial pairs gather in communal roosts throughout the year. The roosts are generally in trees or on crags often close to permanent or semi permanent food sources such as refuse tips and large rabbit warrens. Some roosts are occupied for many years while others may only be used for a few weeks or months. A few roosts in Scotland have recorded significant numbers of up to 300 birds with some Ravens estimated to commute over 20km daily to and from roosts.

Ravens are omnivorous and opportunistic feeders, their diet consisting of a large variety of items including sheep and deer carrion, hares, rabbits, voles, various invertebrates, eggs, berries and human rubbish. They also have one of the largest vocabularies of any bird species; their distinctive and evocative calls being an intrinsic element of the uplands and rugged coastlines.

Wendy Mattinglay

References:
Ratcliffe, D. 1997 The Raven, T & AD Poyser, London
Holloway, S. 1996 The Historical Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland, T & AD Poyser, London